(A philosophical theme - Article taken from Internet)
(Compiled and adapted by Gilberto Reyes Moreno)
WHY IS IMPORTANT TO KNOW PHYLOSOPHY?
INTRODUCTION:
The importance of philosophy and scientific thinking in the generation of knowledge has been and will continue so due to the inside of the capabilities of the human being to seek answers to questions, philosophical and scientific thinking is developed to address reasoning and criticism that lead to the generation of knowledge, the key that differentiates the human being among all species.
The present article covers just a simple and even prosaic subject: THE REALITY which, nevertheless, has been a topic treated by philosophers since the great Greece of VII to V Centuries before Christ till nowadays, which expresses the importance of the creation and structuration of knowledge and its relationship with philosophical and scientific way of thinking, since theoretical point of view.
REALITY:
What’s the problem? Isn’t it enough that things are as they are? No, because we are sometimes deceived. We need to tell the difference between hard ground and marsh that only looks hard. We need to know whether something is a bear or only a child with a bearskin rug over its head. We have evolved to tell the real from the false. Injure the brain and the victim may lose their sense of reality. When you have flu the familiar world can seem unreal. You might as well ask “What is the nature of ‘upright’?”
The real is the genuine, the reliable, what I can safely lean on. It is akin to truthful, valuable, even delightful. Its opposite is not illusion, but the fake, the counterfeit, that which can’t be trusted, has no cash value. Theatre, television, paintings, literature deal in illusion but can be real in the sense that they nurture and enlarge us, help to make sense of experience. When they fail in this, they feel unreal, they don’t ring true. They are false, they fail as art. Theatre and everyday life overlap – although the murderer in the play is not prosecuted. Psychotherapists know how people act out ‘scripts’ which they can rewrite to invent a new reality. It may not matter if the story of my life is real or invented, until a lawyer asks if I am really the person mentioned in my long-lost uncle’s will.
Electrons, energy, valency, spin are real in so far as the scientific structure they form part of explains what we experience. Phlogiston no longer makes sense, so it has lost its claim to reality, as a banknote which goes out of circulation becomes a piece of paper. Promises, agreements, treaties are real only so long as they can be trusted. Some plans and commitments are called unreal because we know they will come to nothing.
To take the big question: is God real? ‘Real’ I find more meaningful than the ‘existence’ question. We cannot prove the existence of the electron or alpha particles or even such matters as market forces, compassion or philosophy. But we see their effects, and assuming they are real making sense of great swathes of our experience. God is at least as real as an idea like ‘compassion’.
REALITY ACCORDING TO ANCIENT PHILOSOPHERS
REALITY according to Plato:
Plato believed that true reality is not found through the senses. Phenomenon is that perception of an object which we recognize through our senses. Plato believed that phenomena are fragile and weak forms of reality. They do not represent an object's true essence.
Reality. Plato asserted that there were two realms; the physical and spiritual realms. The physical realm consists of the material things we interact with and see every day, and changes constantly. The spiritual realm, however, exists beyond the physical realm. Plato calls this spiritual realm the Realm of Forms.
What is the highest reality according to Plato?
In Plato's metaphysics, the highest level of reality consists of forms. The Republic concerns the search for justice. According to Plato, injustice is a form of imbalance. According to Plato, democracy leads to tyranny.
In basic terms, Plato's Theory of Forms asserts that the physical world is not really the 'real' world; instead, ultimate reality exists beyond our physical world. ... The Forms are abstract, perfect, unchanging concepts or ideals that transcend time and space; they exist in the Realm of Forms
REALITY according to Aristotle:
How does Aristotle describe reality? According to Aristotle, it is only when the mind processes the reality that it has some meaning. He says that things keep moving until they reach their full potential and then stop
Aristotle's view that reality is definable and identifiable and tangible as we experience it eschewed Plato's notions of reality as abstract and grounded it in root causes. In other words, if we could explain how and why something was, what it's purpose and uses were, then we could explain what it was.
REALITY according to modern philosophy
Philosophy addresses two different aspects of the topic of reality: the nature of reality itself, and the relationship between the mind (as well as language and culture) and reality. ... The view that there is a reality independent of any beliefs, perceptions, etc., is called realism.
What is the nature of reality in philosophy?
The nature of a reality, or of Reality, is a description or explanation of that reality, or of Reality. A reality for a particular stone or person consists of that stone's or person's interactions with changing environments – i.e., with what becomes for them.
REALITY according to Heidegger
As soon as we perceive or try to understand it, it is not 'in itself' anymore, but 'reality for us. ' This means that everything we perceive or think of or interact with “emerges out of concealment into concealment,” in Heidegger's words.
REALITY according to Immanuel Kant
According to Kant, it is vital always to distinguish between the distinct realms of phenomena and noumena. Phenomena are the appearances, which constitute our experience; noumena are the (presumed) things themselves, which constitute reality.
What access to reality do we have according to Kant?
Things in themselves, or “noumena”, which (according to Kant) constitute a transcendental world to which we have no empirical access, which is reality. According to Kant, these two sets of things (or objects) are necessarily different, and so constitute separate worlds.
REALITY according to pragmatism
The pragmatists applied their theory of meaning and truth to language about reality to find that such language does not necessarily describe reality as it is or may be but that the word itself has whatever meaning is assigned to it by the group of speakers. ... There is no one thing that is reality!
What is the main idea of pragmatism?
The core idea of pragmatism, that beliefs are guides to actions and should be judged against the outcomes rather than abstract principles, dominated American thinking during the period of economic and political growth from which the USA emerged as a world power.
REALITY from psychology point of view
Reality is: 1) the state of things as they actually exist, as opposed to an idealistic or notional idea of them. 2) a thing that is actually experienced or seen. 3) the quality of being lifelike. 4 the state or quality of having existence or substance.")
REALITY from physics point of view
What is reality according to physics?
Reality is the sum or aggregate of all that is real or existent within a system, as opposed to that which is only imaginary. The term is also used to refer to the ontological status of things, indicating their existence. In physical terms, reality is the totality of a system, known and unknown.
REALITY from quantum mechanics point of view:
Quantum experiment in space confirms that reality is what you make it. An odd space experiment has confirmed that, as quantum mechanics says, reality is what you choose it to be. Physicists have long known that a quantum of light, or photon, will behave like a particle or a wave depending on how they measure it
What does quantum reality meaning?
"Quantum Reality" examines what "reality" means to a physicist including case histories of a reality that failed (the luminiferous ether) and a reality that succeeded (the atomicity of matter).
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